Documentation update and some web fixes. No code changes. (0.41.16)

web/about/about.md

@@ -19,14 +19,18 @@ permalink: /about/
 
 ## What is Fun?
 
-Fun is an experiment, just for fun, but Fun works!
+Fun is a small, strict, and simple programming language that runs on a compact stack-based virtual machine. The C core is intentionally minimal; most functionality and standard libraries are implemented in Fun itself.
 
-Fun is a highly strict programming language, but also highly simple. It looks like Python (My favorite language), but there are differences.
+Fun is dynamically typed with optional static type annotations, <a href="/features/">featuring first-class functions</a>, classes with inheritance, pattern matching, and a rich standard library. It supports everything from basic scripting to TCP sockets, serial communication, threading, cryptography (MD5, SHA-1/256/384/512, CRC-32, AES-256), and a built-in debugger.
 
-Influenced by **[Bash](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/){:class="ext"}**, **[C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_C_Programming_Language){:class="ext"}**, **[Lua](https://www.lua.org/){:class="ext"}**, PHP, **[Python](https://www.python.org/){:class="ext"}**, and a little Rust (Most influences came from linked languages).
+Influenced by: **[Bash](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/){:class="ext"}**, **[C](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_C_Programming_Language){:class="ext"}**, **[Lua](https://www.lua.org/){:class="ext"}**, **[PHP](https://www.php.net/){:class="ext"}**, **[Python](https://www.python.org/){:class="ext"}**, and **[Rust](https://www.rust-lang.org/){:class="ext"}**.
+
+Fun is an experiment - just for fun - but Fun works!
 
 Fun is and will ever be 100% free under the terms of the [Apache-2.0 License](https://opensource.org/license/apache-2-0){:class="ext"}.
 
+---
+
 ## Idea
 
 - Simplicity
@@ -38,11 +42,19 @@ Fun is and will ever be 100% free under the terms of the [Apache-2.0 License](ht
 
 ## Characteristics
 
-- Dynamic and optionally statically typed
-- Type safety
-- Written in C (C99) and Fun
-- Internal libs are written with no_camel_case even when written in Fun, except class names
-- Only a minimal function set is written in C, and most other core functions and libraries are implemented in Fun
+- **Dynamic typing** with optional **static type annotations** (`number`, `string`, `boolean`, `float`, `byte`, `uint8`&ndash;`uint64`, `int8`&ndash;`int64`)
+- **Stack-based bytecode VM** written in C99 with ~220 opcodes
+- **First-class functions**, anonymous functions (`fn`), and higher-order operations (`map`, `filter`, `reduce`)
+- **Classes** with constructors, methods, and single inheritance
+- **Exception handling** with `try`/`catch`/`finally`
+- **Built-in data structures**: arrays (with slicing), maps/objects, strings
+- **Concurrency**: threads (`thread_spawn`, `thread_join`) and cooperative async scheduler
+- **Networking**: TCP and Unix domain sockets with non-blocking I/O polling
+- **Serial communication**: full termios-based serial port control
+- **Cryptography**: pure-Fun implementations of MD5, SHA-1/256/384/512, CRC-32/CRC-32C, AES-256 ECB
+- **Built-in debugger** with breakpoints, step/next/finish, and stack inspection
+- **Minimal C core** &mdash; most standard libraries are implemented in Fun itself
+- **Internal style**: `snake_case` for functions and variables, `CamelCase` for class names
 
 ## The Fun Manifesto
 
@@ -60,13 +72,13 @@ Coding should be enjoyable, elegant, and consistent.
 - **One Way to Do It**<br>
   No clutter, no 15 ways of writing the same thing. Simplicity means clarity.
 - **Hackable by Nature**<br>
-  Fun should be small and embeddable, like Lua. Easy to understand, extend, and tinker with — true to the hacker spirit.
+  Fun should be small and embeddable, like Lua. Easy to understand, extend, and tinker with &mdash; true to the hacker spirit.
 - **Beautiful Defaults**<br>
-  A language that doesn’t need linters, formatters, or style guides. Beauty is built in.
+  A language that doesn't need linters, formatters, or style guides. Beauty is built in.
 
 ## The Community
 
-Fun is not about being the fastest or the most feature-rich. It’s about sharing joy in coding. The community should be:
+Fun is not about being the fastest or the most feature-rich. It's about sharing joy in coding. The community should be:
 
 - Respectful
 - Curious
@@ -84,41 +96,151 @@ A language that feels like home for developers who:
 - Believe consistency is freedom
 - Want to write code that looks good and feels good
 
-Fun may not change the world — but it will make programming a little more fun.
+Fun may not change the world &mdash; but it will make programming a little more fun.
 
-## Features
+## Language Features
 
-### Core
+### Core Syntax & Types
+- Indentation-based blocks (2-space)
+- Line and block comments
+- Static type annotations with automatic runtime range clamping for fixed-width integers
+- `typeof()`, `to_string()`, `to_number()`, `cast()` &mdash; type introspection and conversion
+- `exit` statement with optional exit code
+- Source file includes: `#include "path"` and `#include <path>`
 
-- functions/classes/objects
-- if/else if/else
-- try/catch/finally
+### Operators
+- Arithmetic: `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, `%`
+- Comparison: `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `==`, `!=`
+- Logical: `&&`, `||`, `!` (short-circuit)
+- Bitwise: `band()`, `bor()`, `bxor()`, `bnot()`, `shl()`, `shr()`, `rol()`, `ror()`
+- Ternary: `condition ? true_expr : false_expr`
 
-and much more...
+### Control Flow
+- `if` / `else if` / `else`
+- `while` with `break` and `continue`
+- `for var in array` &mdash; iteration
+- `for var in range(start, end)` &mdash; numeric range
+- `for (key, value) in map` &mdash; map destructuring
+- `match` expression (stdlib)
+- `try` / `catch` / `finally`
 
-Look at the examples here: [https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/examples](https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/examples){:class="ext"}
+### Functions
+- `fun name(params) body` &mdash; named functions
+- `fn(params) body` &mdash; anonymous function literals
+- First-class: pass as arguments, store in variables
+- Recursion support
+- `return` with optional value (implicit nil)
 
-### Lib
+### Object-Oriented Programming
+- `class Name(typed params) body` &mdash; class definition
+- `_construct(this, ...)` &mdash; auto-invoked constructor
+- `this` keyword for instance access
+- `obj.method(args)` &mdash; method call sugar (auto-binds this)
+- `obj.field` &mdash; dot property access
+- `class Child(...) extends Parent` &mdash; inheritance with method overriding
 
-See [https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/lib](https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/lib) for what the standard library provides.
+### Data Structures
+- **Arrays**: literal `[1, 2, 3]`, index access `arr[0]`, slice `arr[1:3]`, negative indices, `len()`, `push()`, `pop()`, `insert()`, `remove()`, `contains()`, `indexOf()`, `clear()`, `enumerate()`, `zip()`, `join()`, `map()`, `filter()`, `reduce()`
+- **Maps**: literal `{"key": value}`, bracket access `map["key"]`, dot access `map.key`, `has()`, `keys()`, `values()`
+- **Strings**: concatenation with `+`, `len()`, `substr()`, `find()`, `split()`, `join()`
 
-### Extensions (only Linux actually)
+### Pattern Matching & Regex
+- POSIX regex: `regex_match()`, `regex_search()`, `regex_replace()`
 
-- [CGI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Gateway_Interface){:class="ext"} support builtin using [kcgi](https://kristaps.bsd.lv/kcgi/){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">&#9744;</span>
-- [cURL](https://curl.se/){:class="ext"} support builtin using [libcurl](https://curl.se/libcurl/){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [INI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/INI_file){:class="ext"} support builtin using [iniparser](https://gitlab.com/iniparser/iniparser/){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [JSON](https://www.json.org/){:class="ext"} support builtin using [json-c](https://github.com/json-c/json-c){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [PCRE2](https://pcre2project.github.io/pcre2/){:class="ext"} support builtin for Perl-Compatible Regular Expressions (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [PCSC](https://pcscworkgroup.com/){:class="ext"} smart card support builtin using [PCSC lite](https://pcsclite.apdu.fr/){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [SQLite](https://sqlite.org/){:class="ext"} support builtin (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
-- [XML](https://www.w3.org/XML/){:class="ext"} support builtin using [libxml2](https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/-/wikis/home){:class="ext"} (optional) <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+### Mathematics
+- Built-in: `abs`, `min`, `max`, `fmin`, `fmax`, `clamp`, `pow`, `sqrt`, `floor`, `ceil`, `trunc`, `round`, `sin`, `cos`, `tan`, `exp`, `log`, `log10`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `isqrt`, `sign`
+- Random: `random_seed()`, `random_int()`, `random_number()` (cryptographic)
+- Integer clamping: `sclamp()`, `uclamp()`
 
-<span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span> = Done / <span style="color:red;font-weight:bold;">&#9744;</span> = Planned or in progress.
+### I/O & Platform
+- `print()`, `echo()` &mdash; output
+- `read_file()`, `write_file()` &mdash; file I/O
+- `input_line()` &mdash; stdin with optional prompt
+- `env()`, `env_all()` &mdash; environment variables
+- `proc_run()`, `system()` &mdash; process execution
+- `os_list_dir()` &mdash; directory listing
 
-Note: Not all of the above features will be implemented. Those who are marked "Done" will probably remain in Fun, but I don't know actually... ;)
+### Date, Time & Sleep
+- `time_now_ms()`, `clock_mono_ms()`, `date_format()`, `sleep()`
 
-There are some libs written in Fun available in the [https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/lib/](https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/src/branch/main/lib){:class="git"} diretory. In the future most Fun enhancements should be written in Fun itself.
+### Networking (Built-in, Unix)
+- **TCP**: listen, accept, connect, send, recv, close
+- **Unix domain sockets**: listen, connect
+- **Non-blocking I/O**: `fd_set_nonblock()`, `fd_poll_read()`, `fd_poll_write()`
+
+### Serial Communication (Unix)
+- `serial_open()`, `serial_config()`, `serial_send()`, `serial_recv()`, `serial_close()`
+
+### Concurrency
+- `thread_spawn(fn, args)` &mdash; spawn thread, returns ID
+- `thread_join(id)` &mdash; join, returns result
+- Cooperative async scheduler in stdlib
+
+### Debugging
+- Built-in debugger with 64 breakpoints
+- Step, next, finish, continue modes
+- `--trace` / `-t` for opcode-level execution tracing
+- `--repl-on-error`: enter REPL on runtime error with stack preserved
+
+## Standard Library (stdlib)
+
+Written primarily in Fun itself (lib/):
+
+- **String utilities**: trim, starts/ends-with, split, replace-all, case conversion, repeat
+- **Array utilities**: slice, reverse, concat, unique, flatten
+- **Math helpers**: `abs`, `clamp`, `gcd`, `lcm`, `powi`, min3, max3, array min/max
+- **Hex encoding**: hex-to-bytes, bytes-to-hex, dec-to-hex, hex-to-dec
+- **Base64 encoding**: encode/decode
+- **Cryptography** (pure Fun): MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512, CRC-32, CRC-32C, AES-256 ECB
+- **Functional utilities**: Option type (Some/None), Result type (Ok/Err), pattern matching
+- **Range utilities**: `range(n)`, `range2(start, end)`, `range3(start, end, step)`
+- **Date/Time**: `DateTime` class with formatting, timers, sleep
+- **CLI**: `argv()`, `parse_args()` with flag support
+- **Console**: `Console` class with prompt, ask, hidden input, progress bar
+- **Process**: `Process` class wrapping proc_run/system
+- **Thread**: `Thread` class wrapping spawn/join
+- **Socket classes**: `TcpClient`, `TcpServer`, `UnixClient`
+- **Serial**: `Serial` class
+- **Async scheduler**: cooperative multitasking with I/O polling
+- **HTTP Servers**: static file server, CGI-capable server
+- **IRC**: `IRCClient` with full protocol support
+- **CGI**: `CGI` class for web applications
+
+## Optional Extensions (Build-time)
+
+Enabled via CMake flags, each wrapping a mature C library:
+
+- **JSON** (`FUN_WITH_JSON` / json-c) &mdash; parse, stringify, file I/O <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **cURL** (`FUN_WITH_CURL` / libcurl) &mdash; HTTP GET, POST, download <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **SQLite** (`FUN_WITH_SQLITE` / libsqlite3) &mdash; open, query, exec, close <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **PCRE2** (`FUN_WITH_PCRE2` / libpcre2) &mdash; Perl-compatible regex with flags <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **OpenSSL** (`FUN_WITH_OPENSSL` / libcrypto) &mdash; MD5, SHA-256, SHA-512, RIPEMD-160 hashing <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **INI** (`FUN_WITH_INI` / iniparser 4.2.6) &mdash; load, get/set, save config files <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **XML** (`FUN_WITH_XML2` / libxml2) &mdash; parse, navigate, query XML documents <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **PC/SC** (`FUN_WITH_PCSC` / libpcsclite) &mdash; smart card communication <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+- **KCGI** (`FUN_WITH_KCGI` / libkcgi) &mdash; CGI web applications <span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span>
+
+<span style="color:green;font-weight:bold;">&#9745;</span> = Done
+
+Each extension also has a corresponding stdlib wrapper class (e.g., `JSON`, `INI`, `XML`, `PCSC`, `PCRE2`, `KCGI`).
+
+## Tooling
+
+- **`fun`** &mdash; Interpreter/REPL: runs `.fun` scripts or starts interactive REPL
+- **`funstx`** &mdash; Syntax checker with optional `--fix` mode
+- **REPL** &mdash; Full-featured interactive shell with history, tab completion, multi-line input, and commands (`:help`, `:load`, `:edit`, `:save`, `:debug`, `:trace`, `:type`, and more)
+- **Built-in debugger** &mdash; breakpoints, step/next/finish, stack traces
+- **Formatting** &mdash; `clang-format` target for consistent C source
+
+## Build System
+
+- **CMake** 3.10+ with C99 standard
+- Build toggles for debug mode, musl, REPL, C++ FFI, Rust FFI, Doxygen docs
+- Per-extension toggles for all optional libraries
+- Release builds with LTO, section GC, and symbol stripping
+- CTest integration &mdash; example scripts run as automated tests
+- Doxygen API reference generation
 
 ## Code
 
- - [https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/](https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/){:class="git"}
+- [https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/](https://git.xw3.org/fun/fun/){:class="git"}