diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 3fa1c0b..247d09f 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
-project(fun VERSION 0.38.8 LANGUAGES C)
+project(fun VERSION 0.38.9 LANGUAGES C)
 
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/aes256.fun b/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
index 3833399..3afd93e 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
@@ -27,33 +27,20 @@
 
 class AES256()
   // ---------- Hex helpers ----------
-  fun byte_from_hex_pair(this, hh)
-    hi = hex_val(substr(hh, 0, 1))
-    lo = hex_val(substr(hh, 1, 1))
-    return hi * 16 + lo
-
   fun from_hex(this, hex)
     arr = []
     i = 0
     n = len(hex)
     while i + 1 < n
-      push(arr, this.byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2)))
+      push(arr, byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2)))
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/crc32.fun b/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
index c581b9c..81cb7d2 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
@@ -49,34 +49,21 @@ class CRC32()
     return band(this.u32(a), this.u32(b))
 
   // hex helpers (mirroring style from lib/crypt/md5.fun)
-  fun byte_from_hex_pair(this, hh)
-    hi = hex_val(substr(hh, 0, 1))
-    lo = hex_val(substr(hh, 1, 1))
-    return hi * 16 + lo
-
   fun from_hex(this, hex)
     arr = []
     i = 0
     n = len(hex)
     while i + 1 < n
-      b = this.byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
+      b = byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
       push(arr, b)
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/crc32c.fun b/lib/crypt/crc32c.fun
index 458c597..87840d4 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/crc32c.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/crc32c.fun
@@ -49,44 +49,23 @@ class CRC32C()
     return band(this.u32(a), this.u32(b))
 
   // hex helpers (mirroring style from lib/crypt/md5.fun)
-  fun byte_from_hex_pair(this, hh)
-    hi = hex_val(substr(hh, 0, 1))
-    lo = hex_val(substr(hh, 1, 1))
-    return hi * 16 + lo
-
   fun from_hex(this, hex)
     arr = []
     i = 0
     n = len(hex)
     while i + 1 < n
-      b = this.byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
+      b = byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
       push(arr, b)
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   fun u32_to_hex8(this, n)
     // big-endian printing (MSB first), common for CRC displays
     b3 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 24), 255)
     b2 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 16), 255)
     b1 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 8), 255)
     b0 = this.and32(n, 255)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex([b3, b2, b1, b0])
+    return bytes_to_hex([b3, b2, b1, b0])
 
   // Bitwise update (no table needed) using reflected polynomial 0x82F63B78
   POLY = 2197175160 // 0x82F63B78
diff --git a/lib/crypt/md5.fun b/lib/crypt/md5.fun
index 717b27a..36ae7bd 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/md5.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/md5.fun
@@ -80,34 +80,21 @@ class MD5()
     return this.u32(this.u32(this.u32(a + b) + c) + d)
 
   // hex helpers
-  fun byte_from_hex_pair(this, hh)
-    hi = hex_val(substr(hh, 0, 1))
-    lo = hex_val(substr(hh, 1, 1))
-    return hi * 16 + lo
-
   fun from_hex(this, hex)
     arr = []
     i = 0
     n = len(hex)
     while i + 1 < n
-      b = this.byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
+      b = byte_from_hex_pair(substr(hex, i, 2))
       push(arr, b)
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/ripemd160.fun b/lib/crypt/ripemd160.fun
index 773aed7..2958f86 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/ripemd160.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/ripemd160.fun
@@ -94,16 +94,11 @@ class RIPEMD160()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = band(n, 0xFF)
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    return join([d[shr(n, 4)], d[band(n, 0xF)]], "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/ripemd160_new_try.fun b/lib/crypt/ripemd160_new_try.fun
index 9489f17..5e1addd 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/ripemd160_new_try.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/ripemd160_new_try.fun
@@ -69,19 +69,11 @@ class RIPEMD160()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha1.fun b/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
index 398a3a9..6611f1c 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
@@ -53,19 +53,11 @@ class SHA1()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha256.fun b/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
index 04f102b..6d6c113 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
@@ -102,19 +102,11 @@ class SHA256()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    d = ["0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","a","b","c","d","e","f"]
-    hi = n / 16
-    lo = n % 16
-    parts = [d[hi], d[lo]]
-    return join(parts, "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     i = 0
     out = []
     while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha512.fun b/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
index 5401c0a..b9b2095 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
@@ -45,21 +45,12 @@ class SHA512()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun two_hex(this, n)
-    n = n % 256
-    hexd = "0123456789abcdef"
-    number hi = (n / 16) % 16
-    number lo = n % 16
-    c1 = substr(hexd, hi, 1)
-    c2 = substr(hexd, lo, 1)
-    return join([c1, c2], "")
-
   fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
     out = []
     number i = 0
     number L = len(arr)
     while i < L
-      push(out, this.two_hex(arr[i]))
+      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
       i = i + 1
     return join(out, "")
 
diff --git a/lib/hex.fun b/lib/hex.fun
index 819ce3f..913466c 100644
--- a/lib/hex.fun
+++ b/lib/hex.fun
@@ -12,6 +12,10 @@
  */
 
 // Hex utility functions
+fun byte_from_hex_pair(hh)
+  hi = hex_val(substr(hh, 0, 1))
+  lo = hex_val(substr(hh, 1, 1))
+  return hi * 16 + lo
 
 fun hex_val(ch)
   if (ch == "0")