diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 247d09f..7287827 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
-project(fun VERSION 0.38.9 LANGUAGES C)
+project(fun VERSION 0.38.10 LANGUAGES C)
 
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/aes256.fun b/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
index 3afd93e..9b0eaca 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/aes256.fun
@@ -36,14 +36,6 @@ class AES256()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   // ---------- Finite field helpers (GF(2^8)) ----------
   fun b8(this, x)
     // clamp to 0..255
@@ -245,7 +237,7 @@ class AES256()
     pt = this.from_hex(pt_hex32)
     key = this.from_hex(key_hex64)
     ct = this.encrypt_block_bytes(pt, key)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(ct)
+    return bytes_to_hex(ct)
 
   fun encrypt_ecb_hex(this, hexStr, key_hex64)
     // Robust handling that avoids substr semantics ambiguity by working on bytes
@@ -276,4 +268,4 @@ class AES256()
         push(out_bytes, ct_blk[k])
         k = k + 1
       off = off + 16
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(out_bytes)
+    return bytes_to_hex(out_bytes)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/crc32.fun b/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
index 81cb7d2..f9ff6cc 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/crc32.fun
@@ -59,21 +59,13 @@ class CRC32()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   fun u32_to_hex8(this, n)
     // big-endian printing (MSB first), common for CRC displays
     b3 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 24), 255)
     b2 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 16), 255)
     b1 = this.and32(this.shr32(n, 8), 255)
     b0 = this.and32(n, 255)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex([b3, b2, b1, b0])
+    return bytes_to_hex([b3, b2, b1, b0])
 
   // Bitwise update (no table needed) using reflected polynomial 0xEDB88320
   POLY = 3988292384 // 0xEDB88320
diff --git a/lib/crypt/md5.fun b/lib/crypt/md5.fun
index 36ae7bd..c8ff709 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/md5.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/md5.fun
@@ -90,14 +90,6 @@ class MD5()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   // MD5 aux
   fun F(this, x, y, z)
     return this.or32(this.and32(x, y), this.and32(this.not32(x), z))
@@ -213,9 +205,9 @@ class MD5()
   fun md5_hex(this, hexStr)
     bytes = this.from_hex(hexStr)
     digest = this.md5_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
 
   fun md5_str(this, str)
     bytes = string_to_bytes_ascii(str)
     digest = this.md5_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha1.fun b/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
index 6611f1c..e2ad3d4 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha1.fun
@@ -53,14 +53,6 @@ class SHA1()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   // padding (SHA-1): append 0x80, then zeros until length ≡ 56 (mod 64), then 64-bit length big-endian
   fun pad_bytes(this, bytes)
     L = len(bytes)
@@ -164,9 +156,9 @@ class SHA1()
   fun sha1_hex(this, hexStr)
     bytes = this.from_hex(hexStr)
     digest = this.sha1_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
 
   fun sha1_str(this, str)
     bytes = string_to_bytes_ascii(str)
     digest = this.sha1_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha256.fun b/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
index 6d6c113..92d6432 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha256.fun
@@ -102,14 +102,6 @@ class SHA256()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    i = 0
-    out = []
-    while i < len(arr)
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   // padding (SHA-256)
   fun pad_bytes(this, bytes)
     L = len(bytes)
@@ -217,10 +209,10 @@ class SHA256()
   fun sha256_hex(this, hexStr)
     bytes = this.from_hex(hexStr)
     digest = this.sha256_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
 
   // Hash raw string bytes (printable ASCII). Example: sha256_str("616263") -> ee2109...
   fun sha256_str(this, str)
     bytes = string_to_bytes_ascii(str)
     digest = this.sha256_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
diff --git a/lib/crypt/sha512.fun b/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
index b9b2095..e66aa0f 100644
--- a/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
+++ b/lib/crypt/sha512.fun
@@ -45,15 +45,6 @@ class SHA512()
       i = i + 2
     return arr
 
-  fun bytes_to_hex(this, arr)
-    out = []
-    number i = 0
-    number L = len(arr)
-    while i < L
-      push(out, two_hex(arr[i]))
-      i = i + 1
-    return join(out, "")
-
   // -------- 32/64 helpers --------
   fun u32(this, x)
     m = 4294967296
@@ -316,10 +307,10 @@ class SHA512()
   fun sha512_hex(this, hexStr)
     bytes = this.from_hex(hexStr)
     digest = this.sha512_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)
 
   // Hash raw string bytes (printable ASCII). Example: sha512_str("616263") -> ee2109...
   fun sha512_str(this, str)
     bytes = string_to_bytes_ascii(str)
     digest = this.sha512_bytes(bytes)
-    return this.bytes_to_hex(digest)
+    return bytes_to_hex(digest)