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fun/src/bytecode.h

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/**
* This file is part of the Fun programming language.
* https://fun-lang.xyz/
*
* Copyright 2025 Johannes Findeisen <you@hanez.org>
* Licensed under the terms of the Apache-2.0 license.
* https://opensource.org/license/apache-2-0
*/
#ifndef FUN_BYTECODE_H
#define FUN_BYTECODE_H
#include <stdint.h>
#include "value.h"
// VM opcodes
typedef enum {
OP_NOP,
OP_LOAD_CONST, // operand = constant index
OP_LOAD_LOCAL, // operand = local slot index
OP_STORE_LOCAL, // operand = local slot index
OP_LOAD_GLOBAL, //
OP_STORE_GLOBAL, //
OP_ADD, //
OP_SUB, //
OP_MUL, //
OP_DIV, //
OP_LT, // a < b -> push 1/0
OP_LTE, // a <= b -> push 1/0
OP_GT, // a > b -> push 1/0
OP_GTE, // a >= b -> push 1/0
OP_EQ, // a == b -> push 1/0
OP_NEQ, // a != b -> push 1/0
OP_POP, // discard top of stack
OP_JUMP, // unconditional jump
OP_JUMP_IF_FALSE, // jump if top of stack is false (0)
OP_CALL, // operand = arg count; pops fn + args and enters fn
OP_RETURN, // pop optional return value and return to caller
OP_PRINT,
OP_ECHO, // like print but does not append a newline; prints immediately
OP_HALT,
OP_LINE, // operand = source line number (debug marker)
// add after existing opcodes
OP_MOD, // a % b
OP_AND, // logical AND
OP_OR, // logical OR
OP_NOT, // logical NOT
OP_DUP, // duplicate top of stack
OP_SWAP, // swap top two stack values
// arrays
OP_MAKE_ARRAY, // operand = element count; pops N values, pushes array
OP_INDEX_GET, // pops index, array; pushes element copy
OP_INDEX_SET, // pops value, index, array; sets in place
// array and builtin helpers
OP_LEN, // pops array or string; pushes length
OP_PUSH, // pops value, array; pushes new length
OP_APOP, // pops array; pushes removed element
OP_SET, // pops value, index, array; pushes value
OP_INSERT, // pops value, index, array; pushes new length
OP_REMOVE, // pops index, array; pushes removed element
OP_SLICE, // pops end, start, array; pushes new array
// conversions
OP_TO_NUMBER, // pops any; pushes int (parse strings)
OP_TO_STRING, // pops any; pushes string
OP_CAST, // pops typeName, value; pushes casted value (see vm/cast.c)
OP_TYPEOF, // pops any; pushes string name of type
OP_UCLAMP, // pops number; pushes number masked to N bits (operand = bits)
OP_SCLAMP, // pops number; pushes number clamped to signed N-bit range (operand = bits)
// string ops
OP_SPLIT, // pops sep, string; pushes array of strings
OP_JOIN, // pops sep, array; pushes string
OP_SUBSTR, // pops len, start, string; pushes string
OP_FIND, // pops needle, haystack; pushes int index or -1
// regex ops (POSIX)
OP_REGEX_MATCH, // pops pattern, string; pushes 1/0 for full match
OP_REGEX_SEARCH, // pops pattern, string; pushes map {"match":str, "start":int, "end":int, "groups":array}
OP_REGEX_REPLACE, // pops repl, pattern, string; pushes string with global replacements
// array utils
OP_CONTAINS, // pops value, array; pushes 1/0
OP_INDEX_OF, // pops value, array; pushes index or -1
OP_CLEAR, // pops array; clears it; pushes nothing (we'll push 0)
// iteration helpers
OP_ENUMERATE, // pops array; pushes array of [index, value]
OP_ZIP, // pops b, a; pushes array of [a[i], b[i]]
// math
OP_MIN, // pops b, a; pushes min(a,b)
OP_MAX, // pops b, a; pushes max(a,b)
OP_CLAMP, // pops hi, lo, x; pushes clamped
OP_ABS, // pops x; pushes |x|
OP_POW, // pops b, a; pushes a^b
OP_RANDOM_SEED, // pops seed; sets RNG seed; pushes nothing (we'll push 0)
OP_RANDOM_INT, // pops hi, lo; pushes random int in [lo, hi)
// maps
OP_MAKE_MAP, // operand = pair count; pops 2*n (key,value)..., pushes map
OP_KEYS, // pops map; pushes array of keys
OP_VALUES, // pops map; pushes array of values
OP_HAS_KEY, // pops key, map; pushes 1/0
// file I/O
OP_READ_FILE, // pops path string; pushes content string (or "")
OP_WRITE_FILE, // pops data string, path string; pushes 1/0
// OS
OP_ENV, // pops name string; pushes value string (or "")
OP_INPUT_LINE, // operand: 0=no prompt; 1=has prompt. Pops [prompt?]; pushes input string (no trailing newline)
OP_PROC_RUN, // pops command string; pushes map {"out": string, "code": int}
OP_PROC_SYSTEM, // pops command string; pushes exit code number
OP_TIME_NOW_MS, // pushes current wall-clock time in milliseconds since Unix epoch
OP_CLOCK_MONO_MS, // pushes monotonic clock in milliseconds (not wall time)
OP_DATE_FORMAT, // pops fmt string, ms epoch (int); pushes formatted date string using strftime
OP_ENV_ALL, // pushes map of all environment variables
OP_FUN_VERSION, // pushes version string
// Threads
OP_THREAD_SPAWN, // operand: 0=no args, 1=has args; pops [args?], fn; pushes thread id (int>0)
OP_THREAD_JOIN, // pops thread id; waits; pushes result value (or Nil)
OP_SLEEP_MS, // pops milliseconds; sleeps; pushes Nil (for statement POP safety)
OP_RANDOM_NUMBER, // pops length; pushes hex string of that length from OS RNG (hex-encoded)
// Bitwise (32-bit) and shifts/rotates
OP_BAND, // pops b, a; pushes (uint32_t)(a & b)
OP_BOR, // pops b, a; pushes (uint32_t)(a | b)
OP_BXOR, // pops b, a; pushes (uint32_t)(a ^ b)
OP_BNOT, // pops a; pushes (uint32_t)(~a)
OP_SHL, // pops s, a; pushes (uint32_t)(a << (s&31))
OP_SHR, // pops s, a; pushes (uint32_t)(a >> (s&31)) logical
OP_ROTL, // pops s, a; pushes rotl32(a, s)
OP_ROTR, // pops s, a; pushes rotr32(a, s)
// JSON (json-c)
OP_JSON_PARSE, // pops text string; pushes value (or Nil on error)
OP_JSON_STRINGIFY, // pops pretty(bool), value; pushes string
OP_JSON_FROM_FILE, // pops path string; pushes value (or Nil)
OP_JSON_TO_FILE, // pops pretty(bool), value, path; pushes 1/0
// CURL (libcurl)
OP_CURL_GET, // pops [headers map?], url; pushes response string (or "")
OP_CURL_POST, // pops [headers map?], body string, url; pushes response string (or "")
OP_CURL_DOWNLOAD, // pops [headers map?], path, url; pushes 1/0
// SQLite (optional)
OP_SQLITE_OPEN, // pops path; pushes handle (>0) or 0
OP_SQLITE_CLOSE, // pops handle; pushes Nil
OP_SQLITE_EXEC, // pops sql, handle; pushes sqlite rc (0=OK)
OP_SQLITE_QUERY, // pops sql, handle; pushes array<map>
// libsql (optional, independent)
OP_LIBSQL_OPEN, // pops url/path; pushes handle (>0) or 0
OP_LIBSQL_CLOSE, // pops handle; pushes Nil
OP_LIBSQL_EXEC, // pops sql, handle; pushes rc (0=OK)
OP_LIBSQL_QUERY, // pops sql, handle; pushes array<map>
// PCSC (smart card) opcodes
OP_PCSC_ESTABLISH, // returns context id (>0) or 0
OP_PCSC_RELEASE, // pops ctx id; returns 1/0
OP_PCSC_LIST_READERS, // pops ctx id; returns array of reader names (possibly empty)
OP_PCSC_CONNECT, // pops reader, ctx id; returns handle id (>0) or 0
OP_PCSC_DISCONNECT, // pops handle id; returns 1/0
OP_PCSC_TRANSMIT, // pops apdu array, handle id; returns map {"data":[],"sw1":n,"sw2":n,"code":n}
// PCRE2 regex ops (optional)
OP_PCRE2_TEST, // pops flags, text, pattern; pushes 1/0
OP_PCRE2_MATCH, // pops flags, text, pattern; pushes match map or Nil
OP_PCRE2_FINDALL, // pops flags, text, pattern; pushes array of match maps
// OpenSSL (optional)
OP_OPENSSL_MD5, // pops data string; pushes md5 hex string
OP_OPENSSL_SHA256, // pops data string; pushes sha256 hex string
OP_OPENSSL_SHA512, // pops data string; pushes sha512 hex string
// INI (iniparser 4.2.6) optional
OP_INI_LOAD, // pops path; pushes handle (>0) or 0
OP_INI_FREE, // pops handle; pushes 1/0
OP_INI_GET_STRING, // pops def, key, section, handle; pushes string
OP_INI_GET_INT, // pops def, key, section, handle; pushes int
OP_INI_GET_DOUBLE, // pops def, key, section, handle; pushes float
OP_INI_GET_BOOL, // pops def, key, section, handle; pushes int (0/1)
OP_INI_SET, // pops value, key, section, handle; pushes 1/0
OP_INI_UNSET, // pops key, section, handle; pushes 1/0
OP_INI_SAVE, // pops path, handle; pushes 1/0
// XML (libxml2) optional minimal API
OP_XML_PARSE, // pops text string; pushes doc handle (>0) or 0
OP_XML_ROOT, // pops doc handle; pushes node handle (>0) or 0
OP_XML_NAME, // pops node handle; pushes string (node name)
OP_XML_TEXT, // pops node handle; pushes string (node text)
// Sockets (UNIX platforms)
OP_SOCK_TCP_LISTEN, // pops backlog, port; returns listen fd (>0) or 0
OP_SOCK_TCP_ACCEPT, // pops listen fd; returns client fd (>0) or 0
OP_SOCK_TCP_CONNECT, // pops port, host; returns fd (>0) or 0
OP_SOCK_SEND, // pops data string, fd; returns bytes sent (>=0) or -1
OP_SOCK_RECV, // pops maxlen, fd; returns data string ("" on EOF/error)
OP_SOCK_CLOSE, // pops fd; returns 1/0
OP_SOCK_UNIX_LISTEN, // pops backlog, path; returns listen fd (>0) or 0
OP_SOCK_UNIX_CONNECT, // pops path; returns fd (>0) or 0
// process control
OP_EXIT, // pops code (or uses operand) and terminates script with exit code
// OS additions
OP_OS_LIST_DIR, // pops path string; pushes array of strings
// Tk additions
OP_TK_BIND, // pops command, event, id; binds event to command
// Serial communication (termios)
OP_SERIAL_OPEN, // pops baud_rate (int), path (string); returns fd (int) or 0
OP_SERIAL_CONFIG, // pops flow_control, stop_bits, parity, data_bits, fd; returns 1/0
OP_SERIAL_SEND, // pops data (string), fd; returns bytes sent (int)
OP_SERIAL_RECV, // pops maxlen (int), fd; returns data (string)
OP_SERIAL_CLOSE, // pops fd; returns 1/0
// Tk (Tcl/Tk) optional minimal API
OP_TK_EVAL, // pops script string; pushes int rc (0 = OK)
OP_TK_RESULT, // pushes string: last Tcl result
OP_TK_LOOP, // enters Tk event loop; pushes Nil when done
OP_TK_WM_TITLE, // pops title string; sets window title; pushes rc
OP_TK_LABEL, // pops text, id; creates/updates label .id; pushes rc
OP_TK_BUTTON, // pops text, id; creates/updates button .id; pushes rc
OP_TK_PACK, // pops id; packs .id; pushes rc
// exceptions (minimal)
OP_TRY_PUSH, // operand = handler ip; push handler onto try-stack
OP_TRY_POP, // pop current handler
OP_THROW, // pops error value; if handler -> jump to it (push err), else print and terminate
// C99 math.h rounding family (float-aware)
OP_FLOOR, // pops x (int/float); pushes floor(x) (int if integral else float)
OP_CEIL, // pops x (int/float); pushes ceil(x) (int if integral else float)
OP_TRUNC, // pops x (int/float); pushes trunc(x) (int if integral else float)
OP_ROUND, // pops x (int/float); pushes round(x) (half away from zero)
// C99 math.h transcendentals (float-aware)
OP_SIN, // pops x (int/float); pushes sin(x)
OP_COS, // pops x (int/float); pushes cos(x)
OP_TAN, // pops x (int/float); pushes tan(x)
OP_EXP, // pops x (int/float); pushes exp(x)
OP_LOG, // pops x (int/float); pushes natural log ln(x)
OP_LOG10, // pops x (int/float); pushes log10(x)
OP_SQRT, // pops x (int/float); pushes sqrt(x)
// Integer math helpers
OP_GCD, // pops b, a; pushes gcd(|a|,|b|)
OP_LCM, // pops b, a; pushes lcm(|a|,|b|) (0 if either is 0)
OP_ISQRT, // pops x; pushes floor(sqrt(max(0,x))) for integers
OP_SIGN, // pops x; pushes -1, 0, or 1 depending on the sign
// Min/Max variants (float-aware, C99 semantics)
OP_FMIN, // pops b, a (int/float); pushes fmin(a,b) (NaN handling per C99)
OP_FMAX, // pops b, a (int/float); pushes fmax(a,b) (NaN handling per C99)
// Rust FFI demo opcode(s)
OP_RUST_HELLO, // pushes string returned from Rust (hello world)
OP_RUST_HELLO_ARGS, // pops message string; prints it via Rust; pushes Nil
OP_RUST_HELLO_ARGS_RETURN, // pops message string; returns it from Rust without printing; pushes returned string
OP_RUST_GET_SP, // pushes current VM stack pointer (via Rust reading VM memory)
OP_RUST_SET_EXIT, // pops int and sets VM exit_code (via Rust writing VM memory)
// C++ demo opcode(s)
OP_CPP_ADD, // pops b, a; pushes (a + b)
/* Notcurses TUI (optional) */
OP_NC_INIT, // initializes Notcurses; returns 1 on success, 0 on failure
OP_NC_SHUTDOWN, // shuts down Notcurses; returns 0
OP_NC_CLEAR, // clears screen/plane; returns 0
OP_NC_DRAW_TEXT, // pops text, x, y; draws; returns 0
OP_NC_GETCH // pops timeout_ms; returns codepoint or -1 on timeout/error
} OpCode;
typedef struct {
OpCode op;
int32_t operand;
} Instruction;
typedef struct Bytecode {
Instruction *instructions;
int instr_count;
Value *constants;
int const_count;
/* debug metadata */
const char *name; /* function or module name (optional) */
const char *source_file; /* originating source filename (optional) */
} Bytecode;
// constructors / manipulation
Bytecode *bytecode_new(void);
int bytecode_add_constant(Bytecode *bc, Value v); /* stores copy */
int bytecode_add_instruction(Bytecode *bc, OpCode op, int32_t operand);
void bytecode_set_operand(Bytecode *bc, int idx, int32_t operand); /* patching */
void bytecode_free(Bytecode *bc);
// utilities
void bytecode_dump(const Bytecode *bc);
#endif
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