fun/docs/examples

Examples catalog and how to run them

This page is a practical catalog of the example areas that ship with the Fun language. It explains what you’ll find in each folder under ./examples/, how to run the scripts, and where deeper walkthroughs live.

If you’re building/running from the repository without installing, set FUN_LIB_DIR to the local ./lib directory so examples can locate the stdlib:

• export FUN_LIB_DIR="./lib"
• Then run an example: ./build_debug/fun examples/basics/hello_world.fun
  • Or, if installed: fun examples/basics/hello_world.fun

Notes

• Most scripts are self‑documented with a short header comment at the top. Open them to see exact behavior and expected output.
• Some examples depend on optional extensions (cURL, PCRE2, SQLite, Notcurses, Tk, PC/SC, OpenSSL/LibreSSL). See docs/external/ for enablement and availability.
• Networking examples often bind to 127.0.0.1 on high ports; read the file header for the exact port.

Deep‑dives

Top‑level examples (./examples)

Quick micro demos covering language features and tiny utilities.

Run pattern:

• fun examples/.fun

Highlights (selection):

• builtins_extended.fun — tour of core built‑ins beyond the basics
• byte_for_demo.fun — iterating bytes with for
• byte_overflow_try_catch.fun — error handling on overflow
• cast_demo.fun — conversions and casting helpers
• class_constructor.fun — basic constructor usage and init patterns
• class_test.fun — small class feature checks
• classes_demo.fun — class basics and usage
• class_without_object.fun — class features without an instance helper
• cli_argv_dump.fun — prints argv/argc handling
• conversions_showcase.fun — numbers, strings, bytes conversions
• cpp_add.fun — calling into the optional C++ extension (if enabled)
• datetime_basic.fun — minimal date/time helpers
• datetime_extended.fun — richer date/time operations
• datetime_timer.fun — time/date helpers
• echo_example.fun — simple echo of input/args
• env_all.fun — enumerate environment variables
• os_env.fun — reading environment variables
• error_handling.fun — try/catch and error objects
• try_catch_finally.fun — error patterns
• expressions_test.fun — precedence and grouping
• features.fun — grab bag of language features
• file_print_for_file_line_by_line.fun — iterate file content
• floats.fun — float ops and formatting
• for_range_test.fun — ranges and loops
• functions_test.fun — functions, closures, returns
• have_fun.fun — playful starter demo
• have_fun_function.fun — playful demos
• hex_example.fun — hex encode/decode
• if_else_test.fun — conditional branching examples
• nested_loops.fun — loops inside loops
• loops_break_continue.fun — control flow
• include_local.fun — include a local file/module
• include_lib.fun — include from the stdlib path
• include_local_util.fun — include mechanics
• inheritance_demo.fun — simple class inheritance
• maps.fun, match.fun — data structures and pattern matching
• namespaced_mod.fun — namespaced includes with as
• objects_basic.fun — simple objects and methods
• objects_more.fun — OO basics
• process_example.fun — spawn and capture subprocess output
• progress.fun — progress bar helper
• progress_inline.fun — simple progress displays
• random_demo.fun — random helpers overview
• random_number_example.fun — RNG usage
• regex_demo.fun — regex basics (PCRE2 when enabled)
• regex_procedural.fun — regex helpers (PCRE2 when enabled)
• rust_hello.fun, rust_hello_args*.fun — Rust opcodes (if FUN_WITH_RUST)
• serial_demo.fun — serial port usage
• test_serial.fun — serial port (when available)
• short_circuit_test.fun — boolean evaluation order
• signed_ints.fun — signed integers overview
• uint_types.fun — unsigned integers overview
• types_integers.fun — integer families
• stdlib_showcase.fun — sampler of common stdlib modules
• strings_test.fun — string helpers and edge cases
• tcp_http_get.fun — simple HTTP GET over raw TCP
• tcp_http_get_class.fun — manual HTTP client over sockets
• test_bits.fun — /rol/shl/xor/dec_to_hex/hex_to_dec bitwise utilities
• thread_class_example.fun — define and run a thread class
• threads_demo.fun — threading building blocks
• typeof.fun — type inspection
• typeof_features.fun — type inspection of declared integer subtypes and runtime categories
• type_safety.fun — static/dynamic type checks
• type_safety_fails.fun — static/dynamic type checks
• types_overview.fun — language types tour
• unix_socket_echo.fun — local domain socket echo demo
• version.fun — print VM/version info
• while_test.fun — simple while loop example

Tip: If a file name is listed above but not present on your build, it may depend on an extension you did not enable.

Algorithms (./examples/algos)

• deduplicate.fun — removing duplicates from arrays/maps
• sort_and_search.fun — sorting and lookup patterns
• stack_queue.fun — basic stack and queue implementation

Arrays (./examples/arrays)

• arrays.fun — create, index, slice; typical idioms
• arrays_iter.fun — iteration and enumeration
• arrays_advanced.fun — copying, filtering, transformations

Basics (./examples/basics)

• boolean_decl.fun, booleans.fun — boolean values and operators
• builtins_conversions.fun — core built‑ins, type conversions
• collections.fun — arrays, maps, nested structures
• fibonacci.fun, fizzbuzz.fun — classic exercises
• hello_world.fun — the canonical first program

CLI (./examples/cli)

• args_parse.fun — arguments parsing patterns for small CLIs

Compose (./examples/compose)

Compositional patterns, small abstractions to combine behavior.

Crypto (./examples/crypto)

Hashing and cryptographic helpers. Availability depends on whether OpenSSL/LibreSSL is enabled.

• openssl_md5.fun — MD5 via OpenSSL (if -DFUN_WITH_OPENSSL)
• libressl_md5.fun — MD5 via LibreSSL (if -DFUN_WITH_LIBRESSL)
• aes256.fun and hash samples if present on your build

Data (./examples/data)

Static assets for example servers; not meant to be run directly.

• htdocs/ — files used by HTTP server examples (index.html, hello.fun, info.fun, form_post.fun, counter.fun, redirect.fun, json_like_api.fun)

Error handling and diagnostics (./examples/error)

• debug_reporting.fun — enabling debug output and reading traces
• exit_example.fun — exit codes
• fail.fun — triggering and observing failures
• repl_on_error.fun — dropping into REPL on error
• rust_vm_access.fun — Rust opcode errors (if enabled)
• test_indent.fun — parser/indentation corner cases
• try_catch_with_error.fun — capturing error objects

Extra integrations (./examples/extra)

These require optional external libraries. See docs/external/.

• curl_* — cURL HTTP client examples (download, GET JSON, POST)
• ini_* — parsing INI files (simple to complex)
• json_showcase.fun — JSON helpers
• libsql_example.fun — libSQL client usage
• notcurses_* — rich TUI demos (if Notcurses enabled)
• pcre2_* — PCRE2 regex engine demos
• pcsc*.fun — smart card access via PC/SC
• sqlite_example.fun — SQLite usage
• tcp_echo_server*.fun — basic TCP echo server
• tk_* — Tcl/Tk GUI examples
• xml_* — XML parsing with libxml2

Interactive (./examples/interactive)

• console_prompt.fun — simple prompt loop
• input_example.fun — reading user input
• input_hidden_example.fun, input_hidden_pam_auth.fun — hidden input/passwords

IO (./examples/io)

• async_http_client.fun — non‑blocking HTTP client
• await_http_client.fun — non‑blocking HTTP client using lib/async/scheduler.fun (await-style helpers)
• csv_reader.fun — parse CSV files
• file_io.fun, read_write_file.fun — file operations
• word_count.fun — classic WC example

Math (./examples/math)

Small, focused math helpers and demonstrations:

• math_ceil, math_floor, math_round, math_trunc, math_sign
• math_cos, math_sin, math_tan
• math_sqrt, math_isqrt
• math_exp_log
• math_fmin_fmax
• math_gcd_lcm

Networking (./examples/net)

Servers and socket utilities. See docs/examples/net/httpserver.md for the HTTP family.

• HTTP servers: httpserver.md — end‑to‑end walkthrough of all HTTP server variants in examples/net/
• http_static_server.fun — minimal static server over sockets
• http_server.fun — blocking static/CGI dispatcher using lib/net/http_server.fun
• http_server_cgi.fun — blocking server with CGI via lib/net/http_cgi_server.fun
• http_server_cgi_lib.fun — blocking server leveraging net/cgi.fun helpers
• http_mt_server.fun — thread‑per‑connection static server
• http_mt_server_cgi.fun — thread‑per‑connection with CGI support

Patterns (./examples/patterns)

Small idioms and reusable patterns.

• assert_like.fun — assert‑style checks via language constructs

Snippets (./examples/snippets)

Miscellaneous one‑off code snippets demonstrating particular opcodes or tricks.

SQLite daemon (./examples/sqlited)

• Files related to running a small SQLite‑backed service (see source for details)

Strings (./examples/strings)

• base64_demo.fun — base64 encode/decode using encoding/base64
• split_join_trim.fun — string splitting and trimming
• templating_min.fun — bare‑bones templating
• urlencode_decode.fun — percent‑encoding helpers

Broken (./examples/broken)

Historical or intentionally broken examples kept for reference/regression.

• notcurses_* — experiments around Notcurses
• ripemd160* — legacy or experimental hash routines

Running examples reliably

Prefer the local build when running from the repository root:

• ./build_debug/fun <path/to/example.fun>
• or: ./build_release/fun <path/to/example.fun>

Set up env if needed:

• export FUN_LIB_DIR="./lib" # to find stdlib
• export FUN_EXEC="./build_debug/fun" # used by CGI examples
• export FUN_HTDOCS="./examples/data/htdocs" # override docroot

When optional extensions are not enabled, their examples will not run; reconfigure the build with the required -D flags shown in docs/external/.